Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is an international journal continuously published three times per year in January, May, and September. The journal aims to create a space for discussion and dissemination of results and advances in original and unpublished scientific research by researchers from any educational institution, national or international research center, in electronic open-access format. The journal encompasses topics related to Agronomic sciences, Animal science, Environmental science, Wildlife, Natural recourses conservation, Ecology, and other fields related to Livestock science and Agroecosystems. Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios publishes original scientific articles, scientific notes, and review articles in an electronic open-access format. In the case of review articles, submissions are accepted by invitation only, extended by the Editorial Board to leading specialist within the scope of the journal. The journal is included in the Jounal Citation Reports (JCR), <a href="https://jcr.clarivate.com/jcr-jp/journal-profile?app=jcr&referrer=target%3Dhttps:%2F%2Fjcr.clarivate.com%2Fjcr-jp%2Fjournal-profile%3Fapp%3Djcr%26referrer%3Dtarget%253Dhttps:%252F%252Fjcr.clarivate.com%252Fjcr-jp%252Fjournal-profile%253Fapp%253Djcr%2526referrer%253Dtarget%25253Dhttps:%25252F%25252Fjcr.clarivate.com%25252Fjcr-jp%25252Fjournal-profile%25253Fjournal%25253DECOSIS%25252520RECUR%25252520AGROPEC%252526year%25253D2022%252526fromPage%25253D%2525252Fjcr%2525252Fbrowse-journals%2526Init%253DYes%2526journal%253DECOSIS%252520RECUR%252520AGROPEC%2526authCode%253Dnull%2526year%253D2022%2526fromPage%253D%25252Fjcr%25252Fbrowse-journals%2526SrcApp%253DIC2LS%26Init%3DYes%26journal%3DECOSIS%2520RECUR%2520AGROPEC%26authCode%3Dnull%26year%3D2022%26fromPage%3D%252Fjcr%252Fbrowse-journals%26SrcApp%3DIC2LS&Init=Yes&journal=ECOSIS%20RECUR%20AGROPEC&authCode=OXlctbMPG_o2x9jpxP6eXvGMjsjotnlvPvH37NIBxBA&year=2024&fromPage=%2Fjcr%2Fbrowse-journals&SrcApp=IC2LS">Emerging Source Citation Index (ESCI), SciELO Citation Index, SciELO México, DOAJ, Latindex, Agris FAO, Fuente Académica Plus (EBSCO), Actualidad Iberoamericana, Dialnet, Periódica, Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Conocimiento Científico, Biblat, Open Science Directory, CAPES, Agricultural & Environmental Science Database (ProQuest), and CAB Abstracts (CABI), Scilit, DOAJ, Open Alex, among others.
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Nutritional value of Cuba grass CT-115 (Pennisetum purpureum) based on NIRS and chemometry
In this work, visible and infrared (VIS-NIR) spectra and chemometrics were used to develop equations to estimate nutritional properties and in situ degradation of Cuba CT-115 grass (Pennisetum purpureum). 134 grass samples of five regrowth ages were collected and in each one the following were determined: crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cell content (CC), hemicellulose (H), ash (A), in situ dry matter degradation (ISDM) and VIS-NIR-SWIR spectrum. With the measured properties and the spectra of each sample, the respective equations for their prediction were generated. The determination and correlation coefficients, from the internal and external validation, obtained for each model are excellent, close to unity (0.988 to 0.997); while the standard errors of calibration (SEC, 0282 to 1.292) and validation (SEV 0.317 to 1.383) are low; the SEC/SEV ratio is good (less than unity, from 0.766 to 0.938). Prediction deviation (PDR) ratios are acceptable for DIMS and FDA (1.41 and 1.71) and excellent for PC, NDF and ADF (1.41 and 1.71) and excellent for PC, NDF, CC, H, and C (2.33 to 7.88). Based on the statistics, it is concluded that the prediction equations, based on the VIS-NIR-SWIR spectral combinations, estimate each parameter with precision and accuracy. With the advantages that NIRS analysis non –destructive, does not generate chemical waste, requires less analytical time (minutes) and lower analysis cost; when compared to conventional methods.
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Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis and Serendipita indica as a complement in the nutrition of chili
Mexico ranks fourth in the world in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production, which means that this crop is of great economic importance to Mexican society. However, the excessive and/or unbalanced use of chemical fertilizers has caused the degradation of soil properties and, consequently, a decrease in crop yields. One alternative to reducing the use of chemical fertilizers is the use of beneficial microorganisms, which can provide nutrients. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis and Serendipita indica, applied as a complement to chemical fertilization under two cultivation systems (greenhouse and open field) on the growth, quality and yield of the chili crop. The studies were carried out under a factorial arrangement with two factors: the chemical fertilization factor with two levels (70 and 100%), and the microorganisms factor with eight levels (no microorganisms, Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus subtilis + Serendipita indica, S. indica, A. brasilense, B. subtilis, A. brasilense + S. indica, B. subtilis + S. indica and B. subtilis + A. brasilense). Measurements were made of variables related to the vegetative growth stage and variables related to the quality and yield of the crop during harvest. The combination of A. brasilense and S. indica had a positive effect on the growth, quality, and yield of the chili pepper crop.
Calcium hydroxyapatite improves forage quality and bioactive compounds in alfalfa
Sustainable forage production requires strategies that improve nutritional quality and resource use efficiency. In alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient involved in energy transfer, photosynthesis, root growth, and the synthesis of structural and nitrogenous compounds, processes that directly influence forage yield and nutritional value. However, conventional phosphate fertilizers tend to be inefficient, especially in calcareous soils with high pH, where much of the P is immobilized or loses availability, limiting its absorption and reducing production sustainability. Hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) emerges as an alternative because it is a slow-release calcium phosphate capable of simultaneously providing phosphorus and calcium. This study evaluated the effect of calcium hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp) applied via foliar application to alfalfa on physiological, nutritional, and bioactive variables. A completely randomized design with six concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg L⁻¹) and five replicates was used. The 100 mg L⁻¹ dose increased dry matter and crude protein and reduced fiber fractions, indicating improved nutritional quality. Meanwhile, 300 mg L⁻¹ increased chlorophyll content, suggesting greater photosynthetic efficiency. High doses (400–500 mg L⁻¹) increased soluble solids, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. Overall, the results indicate that nHAp is a promising tool for improving the nutritional quality of alfalfa and promoting sustainable forage systems.
Effect of abscisic acid and 24-epibrasinolide on the nutritional status of tomato under calcium deficiency
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the second most cultivated vegetable worldwide, and its production faces challenges due to climate change. Calcium deficiency, a recurring abiotic stress, causes physiological alterations that compromise the crop's nutritional status and, consequently, its yield. To counteract this problem, the use of plant growth regulators has been proposed. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on the nutritional status of tomatoes under calcium deficiency (45 mg L-1). A completely randomized 4 x 4 factorial experiment was established. Four concentrations of ABA (0, 60, 100 and 140 mg L⁻¹) and four of EBL (0, 0.0024, 0.0048 and 0.0096 mg L⁻¹) were evaluated as factors. The foliar concentration of nitrogen, magnesium, sulfur, and boron increased significantly with ABA2EBL1, while for phosphorus and manganese, ABA2EBL0 showed the best results. In the fruit, treatments ABA1EBL0 and ABA3EBL0 resulted in the highest nutrient concentrations in the first evaluation. In the second evaluation, ABA3EBL0 produced the highest concentrations of phosphorus, magnesium, and boron, while ABA2EBL0 stood out for its manganese content. In the third evaluation, the positive effect of most treatments was less pronounced. The results demonstrate that the application of ABA and EBL increases the concentration of macro and micronutrients in tomato fruits during the intermediate production phase, specifically in plants with calcium deficiency.
Tree diversity and carbon storage in green areas of Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
Urban green areas play a crucial role in providing ecosystem services that contribute to human well-being and the conservation of tree diversity, particularly in cities with humid climates, such as Chetumal, Quintana Roo. This study aimed to evaluate the composition of trees, shrubs, and palms in different urban green areas and to estimate carbon storage (C). A total of 7 205 individuals belonging to 133 species and 40 families were recorded across 49 polygons covering 141.22 ha. The most representative families were Fabaceae (22 species) and Arecaceae (18 species). Urban parks showed the highest species richness (122), followed by medians and sidewalks, which are characteristic features of the cityscape. The species with the greatest contribution to carbon sequestration were Swietenia macrophylla (mahogany), Lysiloma latisiliquum (tzalam), Tabebuia rosea (pink trumpet tree), Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar), and Ficus benjamina (Indian laurel). These findings provide valuable information for urban planning, highlighting tree diversity and the potential of ecosystem services to support sustainable urban development.
Sustainable optimization of multiproduct agricultural distribution in a Region of Central Mexico
Efficient food distribution is a key component of the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of agri-food systems, particularly in rural areas with limited integration between production and consumption. The objective of this study was to design a sustainability-oriented agricultural distribution scheduling scheme using a multiproduct transportation model to identify surplus and deficit municipalities and allocate optimal flows at the lowest possible cost. The research followed an applied approach with a quantitative, non-experimental design, using agricultural, demographic, and market data for the year 2020 covering seven strategic crops across six municipalities of Rural Development District No. 4, Tejupilco. A linear programming model was formulated with a cost-minimization objective function and 133 constraints: 42 supply constraints and 91 demand constraints for the seven strategic crops and solved using LINGO software. The results showed a regional surplus of 73.3 thousand tons, with an optimal allocation that prioritizes state-level supply before shipments to external markets, achieving a minimum distribution cost of 23.6 million mexican pesos. It is concluded that this multiproduct mathematical model constitutes an effective tool to improve logistics efficiency, strengthen food security, and reduce environmental impacts associated with transportation, with outcomes aligned with the 2030 Agenda. The originality of the study lies in its territorial application and in accounting for crop heterogeneity in a peripheral agricultural region; however, due to its static nature, future extensions should incorporate temporal price variations.
Weed richness and diversity in monocultures under Rainfed in the Altiplano Central de México
The composition, diversity, and abundance of weed communities in agroecosystems are influenced by various agronomic factors, including crop type and planting density. The objective of this study was to analyze the richness and diversity of weed plants associated with four monocultures (oat, barley, common bean, and maize) under rainfed conditions in central Mexico, and to evaluate the influence of crop density on weed community structure. The study was conducted across five locations, monitoring 103 plots belonging to local farmers. In each plot, the taxonomic identity of weeds, their abundance, and crop density were recorded using 1 m2 quadrants. Diversity indices were calculated, and correlation and regression analyses were performed. Forty-two weed species belonging to 20 families were identified; maize and barley exhibited the highest richness, while oat and bean recorded higher evenness. Distinct weed communities were observed for maize, barley, and oat, with unique indicator species for each crop, except for common bean. Furthermore, in oat, higher planting density was associated with lower richness but higher diversity (Shannon), whereas barley exhibited the opposite pattern. These findings suggest that crop type and planting density act as modulating factors for the weed community, whose influence depends on crop architecture and type, providing baseline information for the design of contextualized agroecological management strategies.
Effect of Arthrobacter agilis UMCV2 on creole avocados inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi and Fusarium oxysporum
Mexico is a world leader in avocado production and export; but plants are susceptible to Phytophthora cinnamomi and Fusarium oxysporum. This study evaluated the effect of Arthrobacter agilis UMCV2 on avocados inoculated with P. cinnamomi and F. oxysporum in: a) an in vitro dual confrontation assay, and b) the effect of the following treatments on the plants, a control (C), inoculation with A. agilis (Aa), P. cinnamomi (Pc), and F. oxysporum (Fo), and the combinations AaPc and AaFo. Growth rate, root collar diameter, dry aerial and root biomass, mortality, and wilt percentage were evaluated. With a Student's t-test, statistical differences were found under in vitro conditions. Using an ANOVA, significant differences were found in the growth rate, wilting percentage, and mortality. The bacteria promoted growth and exerted a biocontrol effect under in vitro conditions and in the plants.
Morphological quality of Bursera graveolens (Kunth) Triana & Planch. clones propagated in a nursery
When propagating plants, it is important to assess their morphological, physiological, genetic, biological, and health quality before establishing them in the field. The objective was to evaluate the growth rates and morphological quality of Bursera graveolens clones from Magdalena Tequisistlan, Oaxaca, Mexico, under nursery conditions. In March 2024, a total of 270 cuttings were collected from nine trees that were identified as having exceptional phenotypical characteristics (ortet). The cuttings were then planted in rooting beds with a 1:1 peat-perlite substrate. To ensure a comprehensive assessment, plant growth and morphological quality were evaluated using a destructive sampling method at the conclusion of four seasons. Quality indices were calculated, including leaf area (cm2), total biomass (g), the above-ground to below-ground biomass ratio, and the Dickson index (DI). An analysis of variance was performed under a completely randomized design with a 9x4 factorial arrangement (ortet, season of the year) and a test of means (Tukey, α ≤ 0.05). The ortet 9 clonal group showed the highest plant quality indices during autumn, with an average relative growth rate (RGR) of 19.65 cm month-1 in shoot length and an average RGR of 1.35 mm month-1 in average shoot diameter. The average rooting percentage was 77.7% and the average survival rate was 60.0%. These results show that this species can be reproduced asexually in nursery conditions, with quality indicators from the sixth month onwards suggesting that it is ready to be established in the field.
Physicochemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash for Sustainable Valorization
Sugarcane bagasse ash (CBA) is a massively generated agroindustrial waste with significant environmental and health implications. The CBC properties depend on agronomic factors and calcination conditions. Therefore, a local characterization of CBC is essential for correct sustainable management. This study conducted a physicochemical evaluation of CBC from the Ingenio Presidente Benito Juárez (IPBJ) sugar mill in Tabasco, Mexico, and discusses the origin of its components within the soil-plant-industry dynamic, addressing potential uses. We determined morphology, oxide content, heavy metal levels, and crystal structures of the phases present by using advanced chemical analysis techniques. The CBC consisted of a heterogeneous mixture of particles with varied morphology and chemical composition. The CBC consisted of a heterogeneous mixture of particles with varied morphology and chemical composition. High levels of organic matter (MO = 9.6 ± 0.7%), loss on ignition at 950 °C (LOI = 16.4%), vanadium (62.3 mg kg⁻¹), and chromium (233.7 mg kg⁻¹) were identified. The total sum of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ was 74.55%, with SiO₂ being the dominant phase identified in its α- and β-quartz forms. Other phases, such as albite, gismondine, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), were also detected. The levels of heavy metals found make questionable use of the CBC analyzed as fertilizer. Although the crystallinity of SiO₂ indicates low pozzolanic activity, its siliceous and silico-aluminous nature suggests potential use in the ceramic industry by applying suitable pre-treatments.
Morphological diversity of native to Central and Southern Mexico tomato fruits
Mexico, recognized as a center of domestication and diversification of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Native populations distributed throughout the central and southern regions of the country represent an invaluable source of alleles for the genetic improvement of the species. Therefore, characterizing these populations is fundamental for identifying traits of agronomic interest for developing varieties or hybrids. This study aimed to morphologically characterize the fruit of lines generated in the tomato breeding program of the National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research (INIFAP). Sixteen tomato lines were cultivated under greenhouse conditions during the 2022-2023 fall-winter cycle, using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Twenty-two morphological traits of the fruit were evaluated based on UPOV and IPGRI descriptors, and cluster and correspondence analyses were performed. Of the traits evaluated, 17 showed significant variability, notably green stripes, epidermal gloss, intensity of green color on the shoulder, size of the green shoulder, and intensity of green color excluding the shoulder. Five fruit shapes were distinguished: cherry, kidney, half-kidney, saladette, and creole chinese, distributed across different states of the country. Cluster analysis revealed two main germplasm groups, suggesting distinct sources of genetic diversity. The results highlight the importance of morphological traits for genetic improvement of the tomato, enabling the selection of outstanding lines with potential for the development of gourmet materials and open-pollinated varieties.
Antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of citronellol against Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium of public health importance due to its high mortality rate. Citronellol is a compound that has demonstrated interesting antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects; however, the effect against L. monocytogenes has not been entirely explored. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of citronellol against L. monocytogenes. The antimicrobial effect of citronellol was determined by the broth microdilution method and plate inoculation. Antibiofilm effect was determined throughout crystal violet and viable count methods. The results showed that citronellol exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 400 and 500 µg mL-1, respectively, against L. monocytogenes. Citronellol showed the capacity to reduce the biofilm formation process (>40% at a 1/2 MIC) and eradicating preformed biofilms (>30% at the doses evaluated) of L. monocytogenes. Citronellol reveals antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect against L. monocytogenes.
Drought stress in beans: Use of biostimulants for yield and its components
Common bean crop is sensitive to water stress especially during reproductive stage. The effect of foliar biostimulant based on glycine betaine and proline was evaluated on the yield and its components of common bean Azufrado Reyna under irrigation and drought induced conditions at Valle del Fuerte, Sinaloa, Mexico. The experiment was laid out as randomized complete block design with bifactorial arrangement, considering two water levels (irrigation and drought) and two level of biostimulant application (with and without). The results showed that water stress significantly reduced the seed yield, the number of normal pods, number of normal seed per pod and m2, the weight of hundred seeds and the harvest index, without affecting the aboveground biomass. Besides, the stage of physiological maturity was shortened (22 days) compared to drought. The application of the biostimulant did not show any significant effect on the evaluated variables, neither in irrigation nor drought. Positive and significant correlations were also observed between seed yield and its components, as well as the number of pods, seeds per pod and weight of hundred seeds. This highlights the importance of these components in determining the yield under contrasting water conditions and also suggests the need to optimize the use of biostimulants to improve bean resilience to water stress.
Vertical distribution of scale insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) on foliage of Yucca spp.
This study aimed to analyze the vertical distribution of three families of scale insects (Pseudococcidae, Coccidae, and Diaspididae) across three strata (upper, middle, and lower) of the foliage rosettes of Yucca spp., and to identify the habitat and ground-cover variables associated with their presence. Some environmental variables were recorded, and leaf sampling was conducted to quantify the scale insects. The data were analyzed using observation frequencies, Kruskal-Wallis tests, a multinomial logistic regression model, and poisson regression analysis. Pseudococcidae was the most frequent family, followed by Coccidae and Diaspididae. Pseudococcidae had the highest probability of occurrence across all three plant strata. Each family showed the highest probability of occurrence in different stratum: Pseudococcidae in the upper, Coccidae in the middle, and Diaspididae in the lower. The vertical distribution patterns of the scale insect families did not show statistically significant differences between the strata but did show differences in their distribution within each stratum. Additionally, 14 habitat and ground cover variables were associated with the scale insects. This study provides the first records of these families on Yucca spp. foliage, as well as the first reports of Pseudococcus sp., Coccus hesperidum (L., 1758), and Lindingaspis rossi (Maskell, 1892) in the xeric shrubland of Villa González Ortega, Zacatecas, and establishes a foundation for future research on the interactions between scale insects, Yucca spp. And Liometopum apiculatum (Mayr, 1870).
Land-use Change Dynamics in the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico: Interdependence of Agriculture and Deforestation in Indigenous Contexts
Although the literature on deforestation is extensive, comparative evidence on land-use change dynamics at the intra-regional municipal scale remains limited. The objective of this study was to analyze land-use changes between 2005 and 2019 in three Indigenous municipalities of the Chiapas Highlands, Mexico. Land-cover maps were produced using satellite imagery from the SPOT-5 (10 m), SPOT-6 and SPOT-7 (6 m), RapidEye (5 m), and Sentinel-2 (10 m) sensors. In addition, official data on agricultural production, population, and subsidies were integrated to contextualize the observed patterns. Forest cover was found to exceed 45% in all municipalities; however, a large proportion corresponds to disturbed forests. Agricultural expansion was identified as the dominant land-use change pattern, although its magnitude varied among municipalities. Remnants of mature forest were mainly located in areas with steep slopes and limited accessibility, while more accessible areas concentrated most of the changes. Contrary to expectations, the least populated municipality experienced the highest deforestation, whereas the most densely populated municipality retained a larger proportion of forest cover, associated with greater productive diversification and access to markets. The results suggest that terrain accessibility and local productive structures may be associated with the observed differences in landscape change dynamics. The main finding is that agricultural expansion dominated land-use change during the study period, exhibiting contrasting patterns among municipalities. These results highlight the importance of considering local socioeconomic and geographic conditions in the design of conservation strategies.
Structure and composition of the tropical dry forest of Cozumel island, Quintana Roo, Mexico
The medium sub deciduous forests are considered a type of dry tropical forests, characterized mainly by their marked seasonality of rainfall. This characteristic is a key factor that defines their floristic composition, structure and physiological and functional strategies of the plant species that comprise them. In spite of being peculiar ecosystems and among the most threatened by anthropic actions, they have been little studied; in view of this need, the present work has proposed to determine the floristic composition, horizontal and vertical structure of the SMSC of an insular system of the Mexican Caribbean. Sixty circular plots of vegetation were established, and parameters such as dasometric parameters (Normal Diameter, Dominance, Density, Importance Value Index), Shannon-Wiener diversity, Pielou index and species richness were estimated; additionally, a cluster analysis was carried out among the sampling sites. The richness was 49 species, 42 genera and 25 families, seven species are endemic to the Yucatan Peninsula region. The average normal diameter and height were 17.3 cm and 7.5 m, respectively. The SMSC of Cozumel is dominated by the species Metopium brownei, Manilkara zapota and Gliricidia sepium with the highest values of importance value index (IVI). It also reflects a young successional state in terms of its composition and structure, whose diameter classes describe a distribution that is similar to that of the Yucatan Peninsula.
Growth, disease tolerance and yield of rubber clones in Uxpanapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Rubber production is an important economic activity in the Uxpanapa region, Veracruz, México, but it faces challenges due to the South American leaf blight and the lack of productive and resistant clones. With the objetive of improving the productivity and resistance of rubber clones, this study evaluated the growth, disease tolerance, and yield of 20 clones of Hevea brasiliensis in the Monterrey ejido. For 10 years, an experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with three replications and 20 trees per experimental unit. Clones GU-198, FX-3899, and IAN-710 stood out for their higth productivity (average yield of 1 721, 1 438, and 1 353 kgha-1, respectively) and tolerance to the South American leaf blight of rubber. Additionally, clones IAN-754, GU-198, IAN-710, IAN-873, and GU-40 presented the largest trunk girth (70.22, 61.93, 60.15, 59.46 y 57.65 cm, respectivelly). The results allow us to conclude that clones GU-198, FX-3899, IAN-710, and IAN-873 are the most recommended for establishing commercial plantations in the Uxpanapa region, due to their good combination of evaluated characteristics.
Agronomic behavior of high oleic sunflower populations in the southeast of Coahuila, Mexico
Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world for the extraction of edible oil with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The objective of the present study was the characterization of 91 genotypes of high oleic sunflower, in the southeast of Coahuila. The variables evaluated were stem diameter (DT), number of leaves (NH), plant height (AP), number of seeds (NS) and grain yield per plant (REN). A cluster analysis (CA) was performed for these variables and a student t test (Minitab 16). The AC on the first team of genotypes identified two subgroups of genotypes, which were G4 (142.41 g pl-1) and G1 (132.08 g pl-1) that presented a high yield, in addition to G1 being the earliest. (DF = 60.33 days). In the case of the second team of genotypes, the AC detected two subgroups of genotypes with high yield potential, these being group G7 (195.43 g pl-1) and G8 (155.53 g pl-1), such that the G7 genotypes were the earliest (DF = 63 days). Moreover, on the second sowing date it was significantly higher in the variables of days to flowering, AP and NH in relation to the first sowing date. It is concluded that the high oleic sunflower populations evaluated presented outstanding agronomic characteristics, such as yield and precocity. It is recommended to continue evaluating genotypes considering specific abiotic factors in the southeast of Coahuila.
Carbon sequestration in soils of the coffee-growing region of Veracruz, Mexico, from an ethnoedaphological approach
Ethnoedaphology integrates farmers' local knowledge with soil science to understand soil diversity and its ecosystem functions. This research evaluated the effectiveness of the ethnoedaphological approach for characterizing soils and quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) in coffee agroforestry systems in the municipality of Huatusco, Veracruz, Mexico. Through field surveys, interviews, and participatory mapping, six local soil classes were identified: Negra, Barrial amarillo, Barrial colorado, Cañada, Tepocha, and Polvillo. These classes were compared with the taxonomic classification, corresponding mainly to Phaeozems, Acrisols, Leptosols, and Cambisols. SOC was measured at 18 sampling sites, distributed proportionally to the area of each soil class, at depths of 0–30 and 30–60 cm, in addition to representative soil profiles. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in SOC conservation among soil classes and depths. Tierra Negra had the highest average SOC content (123.35 ± 53.35 Mg·ha-1), followed by Barrial Colorado and Barrial Amarillo, while Tepocha recorded the lowest values. At the landscape scale, Tierra Negra concentrated the greatest total SOC storage. The vertical distribution showed greater SOC reserves in the subsurface layer (30-60 cm) compared to the surface layer, highlighting its role as a stable reservoir. Overall, the results confirm that the soil classes defined by the producers reflect real and functional soil differences, and that the ethnoedaphological approach strengthens the stratification of sampling and the interpretation of carbon in current sustainable agricultural soils.
Morphochemical evaluation of pitaya fruits from the Zona Media of San Luis Potosí
The Stenocereus genus produces fruits known as "pitayas," valued for their appearance and nutritional content. Although there are studies on various Stenocereus species, research characterizing these fruits in the Zona Media of San Luis Potosí is lacking. The aim of this study was to perform a morphochemical characterization of the pitaya variants Amarilla and Roja (S. huastecorum) and Blanca and Morada (S. pruinosus) at the consumption maturity stage. Polar and equatorial diameters, number of areoles, peel thickness, fruit, pulp, and seed biomass, total soluble solids, and pH were evaluated. Structural polysaccharides and proteins were also extracted from dehydrated pulp and seeds. Mucilage, pectins, loosely and tightly bound hemicelluloses, and cellulose were extracted and quantified, and dietary fiber content was determined. The experimental design was completely randomized with six replications. The results showed differences (p ≤ 0.05) in polar diameter, seed biomass, and the number of seeds per fruit. The concentration of mucilage and pectin in the pulp did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between the variants. Regarding hemicellulose and cellulose, a trend of higher content was observed in the variants Amarilla > Roja > Blanca > Morada. In seeds, cellulose+lignin was higher in the Blanca and Morada variants. The fiber and protein content is higher in seeds than in pulp. Seed albumins, globulins 11S, and glutelins did not vary among the pitaya varieties, but globulins 7S showed differences.