Propóleos de mezquite: Un conservador antioxidante y antibacteriano para carne de cerdo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a12n3.4020Palabras clave:
Apicultura, polen, extracto, bioactividad, carneResumen
El propóleo derivado de abejas es una fuente prometedora de compuestos bioactivos para mejorar la calidad de la carne. Este estudio evaluó los efectos antioxidantes y antibacterianos de los extractos de propóleo de mezquite (MPE) en homogeneizado de carne de cerdo. El propóleo crudo de dos apiarios se caracterizó por su origen del polen, propiedades fisicoquímicas y sensoriales. Los extractos (MPE1 y MPE2) se evaluaron por su contenido de polifenoles, propiedades antioxidantes y actividad antibacteriana contra patógenos transmitidos por alimentos. El homogeneizado de carne de cerdo se trató con MPE1 y MPE2 (500 mg kg−1), antioxidante sintético BHT (500 ppm), o se dejó sin tratar (control). A continuación, las muestras se procesaron térmicamente (65 °C/0-120 min) y se analizaron sus parámetros de calidad. MPE2 exhibió el contenido total de polifenoles y valores antioxidantes más altos (p ≤ 0.05), y ambos extractos demostraron efectividad contra bacterias Gram-positivas. La incorporación de MPE, especialmente MPE2, redujo significativamente la variación del pH, la degradación del color, la oxidación lipídica y el crecimiento microbiano (p ≤ 0.05). El propóleo de mezquite muestra potencial como conservante natural en productos cárnicos.
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