Rendimiento y calidad de tomate injertado bajo déficit hídrico con tratamiento de nanopartículas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a13nVI.5267Palabras clave:
Carotenoides, estrés abiótico, humedad del suelo, portainjerto, sólidos solublesResumen
La producción de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es una actividad hortícola de alta relevancia agroalimentaria; sin embargo, en regiones con escasez de agua su productividad puede verse limitada. El objetivo fue evaluar el crecimiento, rendimiento, eficiencia del uso del agua y calidad del fruto de tomate mediante el uso de injerto y la aplicación foliar de nanopartículas de cobre, bajo condiciones contrastantes de humedad del suelo en invernadero. Se compararon plantas injertadas y no injertadas establecidas en suelo a capacidad de campo y bajo déficit hídrico severo. Se empleó un diseño experimental completamente al azar y las variables de respuesta incluyeron altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, peso promedio de fruto, rendimiento, eficiencia del uso del agua, sólidos solubles totales, licopeno y betacaroteno. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza y comparación de medias con la prueba de Tukey (p ≤ 0.05). La disponibilidad de agua en el suelo influyó significativamente sobre la altura de planta, el rendimiento, la eficiencia del uso del agua y el contenido de sólidos solubles totales, observándose mayores rendimientos y eficiencia bajo condiciones de capacidad de campo. La aplicación de nanopartículas de cobre promovió una mayor altura de planta respecto a los demás manejos agronómicos. El peso promedio de fruto y la concentración de carotenoides dependieron de la interacción entre la humedad del suelo y el manejo agronómico. En conjunto, los resultados indican que mantener la humedad cercana a capacidad de campo favorece el potencial productivo y la calidad del cultivo.
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