Caracterización fisicoquímica y mineralógica de ceniza de bagazo de caña para la valorización sustentable
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a13n2.4769Palabras clave:
espectroscopía Raman, fitolitos, metales pesados, óxido de grafeno, silicatosResumen
La ceniza de bagazo de caña (CBC) es un residuo agroindustrial generado masivamente, con implicaciones ambientales y sanitarias. Las propiedades de la CBC dependen de factores agronómicos y de condiciones de calcinación, por lo que su caracterización local es esencial para su aprovechamiento sustentable. En este trabajo se realizó una evaluación físicoquímica de la CBC del Ingenio Presidente Benito Juárez (IPBJ) en Tabasco, México y se discute la procedencia de sus componentes en la dinámica suelo-planta-industria abordando usos potenciales. Mediante técnicas avanzadas de análisis químico se determinaron parámetros morfologicos, contenido de óxidos, niveles de metales pesados y arreglo cristalino de las fases presentes. La CBC analizada consistió en una mezcla heterogénea de partículas con morfología y composición química variada. Se observaron niveles altos de materia orgánica (MO = 9.6 ± 0.7%), pérdida por ignición a 950 °C (LOI = 16.4%), vanadio (62.3 mg kg-1) y cromo (233.7 mg kg-1). La suma de SiO2, Al2O3 y Fe2O3 representó el 74.55% en peso, siendo el SiO2 la fase dominante en su forma α y β cuarzo. Otras fases presentes fueron albita, gismondina y óxido de grafeno reducido (rGO). Los niveles de metales pesados en la CBC analizada hacen cuestionable su uso como fertilizante. Si bien la cristalinidad del SiO2 indica una actividad puzolánica baja, su naturaleza silícea y sílico-aluminosa sugiere un uso potencial en la industria cerámica, siempre que se realicen pre-tratamientos de adecuación.
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