Selección de Streptomyces sp. para enfrentar el estrés biótico y abiótico en Nicotiana tabacum L.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a13n3.4984Palabras clave:
Actinomicetos, tabaco, estrés por salinidad y sequía, actividad antagonistaResumen
El cambio climático intensifica los efectos del estrés biótico y abiótico en el crecimiento y la productividad de las plantas; siendo la sequía y la salinidad dos inductores abióticos relevantes que afectan la productividad agrícola. Se evaluó la actividad antagonista de Streptomyces sp. (Cepas B8, EA2, CB14, CD24) frente a hongos fitopatógenos aislados de plantas de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), su tolerancia in vitro a diferentes concentraciones de cloruro de sodio (NaCl), pH y polietilenglicol-600 (PEG) y su efecto en la germinación de semillas de N. tabacum L. Los resultados del bioensayo in vitro mostraron un amplio espectro antagonista contra Fusarium spp. y Phytophthora nicotianae que afectan el cultivo del tabaco. Todas las cepas de actinomicetos crecieron bajo diferentes condiciones de estrés (NaCl, pH, y PEG). Los resultados obtenidos respecto a los parámetros de germinación de las semillas de tabaco indican que el mejor tratamiento fue Streptomyces sp. CD24, ya que estimuló la tasa de germinación, la energía germinativa y el índice de velocidad de germinación. Las cepas de Streptomyces spp. constituyen una alternativa novedosa para mantener e incrementar el crecimiento y la productividad del cultivo de tabaco, a fin de aliviar y mitigar los efectos del estrés por salinidad y sequía.
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