Muros verdes como estrategia para restaurar la funcionalidad del suelo en agroecosistemas de agave semiáridos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a13nVI.5229Palabras clave:
Huizache, mesquite, bacteriome, soil conservation, soil restorationResumen
Los enfoques agroforestales, como los muros verdes, se han propuesto como alternativas prometedoras para promover la restauración y la sostenibilidad a largo plazo en agroecosistemas áridos y semiáridos; sin embargo, su impacto en la restauración de la calidad del suelo aún ha sido poco explorado. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de Acacia schaffneri y Neltuma laevigata como muros verdes sobre los reservorios de carbono del suelo y el ensamblaje del microbioma edáfico en un cultivo de agave en una región semiárida. Se cuantificaron los reservorios de carbono del suelo, incluyendo almacenes de carbono orgánico (TSOC) e inorgánico (TSIC) total, materia orgánica del suelo (SOM), carbonatos y carbono lábil. La comunidad bacteriana se caracterizó mediante secuenciación del amplicón del gen 16S rRNA. Los resultados mostraron un gradiente claro asociado con la proximidad a los muros verdes. Las zonas cercanas a árboles mayores (PA) presentaron TSOC, SOM y carbono lábil más altos, lo que indica una mejora en la calidad del suelo bajo la influencia de árboles maduros. En contraste, el centro del cultivo de agave (PM) mostró los niveles más bajos de carbono orgánico y mayor dominancia de carbonatos, mientras que las áreas cercanas a árboles jóvenes (PB) exhibieron condiciones intermedias. El análisis de β-diversidad reveló ensamblajes microbianos distintos entre zonas, con PA albergando comunidades más diversas y estructuralmente complejas. En conjunto, estos hallazgos destacan el potencial de los muros verdes maduros para restaurar la funcionalidad y resiliencia del suelo en sistemas semiáridos de producción de agave.
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