Actinomicetos de suelos de manglares. Antagonismo frente a fitopatógenos de Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a12n1.4172Palabras clave:
Bio control, bio-fungicidas, manglares, Tuxpan, VeracruzResumen
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) es una planta originaria de Mesoamérica conocida en México como Chayote, y sus frutos son afectados en postcosecha por Fusarium. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el potencial antagónico de actinomicetos aislados de suelos de manglares en Tuxpan, Veracruz, México, frente a hongos fitopatógenos del fruto de chayote en postcosecha. Se aisló Fusarium spp. de frutos de chayote en postcosecha, y actinomicetos de suelo de manglares de Tuxpan, Veracruz, México, ambos clasificados mediante claves taxonómicas. Se obtuvieron tres aislamientos de Fusarium spp (FC1, FC2, FC3). y ocho de actinomicetos (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8). El aislamiento FC2 de Fusarium spp. mostró el mayor (P ≤ 0.05) crecimiento radial, y en la prueba de antagonismo in vitro las respuestas fueron variables en función del patógeno, destacando de forma general los aislados de actinomicetos A2, A4, A5 y A6 ante lo cual se infirió que él patógeno tiene relevancia y define con su capacidad de patogenicidad el efecto antagonista de cada actino. En la prueba de antagonismo mediante la producción de compuestos volátiles (COVs) los aislados A2, A6 y A8 fueron los de mejor desempeño, la magnitud de las respuestas en la inhibición varió entre 73-86.7% pero sin llegar a diferenciarse (P ≥ 0.05) entre los aislados de actinomicetos. Los aislamientos de actinomicetos de suelos de manglares en Tuxpan, Veracruz, México, fungen como antagónicos frente a cepas de Fusarium spp. que afectan al fruto del chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) en postcosecha.
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