Hidroxiapatita de calcio mejora la calidad forrajera y compuestos bioactivos de alfalfa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a13n2.5073Palabras clave:
Medicago sativa L., nanofertilizante, dosis-respuesta, calidad de forraje, fibra detergenteResumen
La producción sostenible de forrajes exige estrategias que mejoren la calidad nutricional y la eficiencia en el uso de recursos. En alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), el fósforo (P) es un nutriente esencial involucrado en la transferencia de energía, la fotosíntesis, el crecimiento radicular y la síntesis de compuestos estructurales y nitrogenados, procesos que influyen directamente en el rendimiento y valor nutritivo del forraje. Sin embargo, los fertilizantes fosfatados convencionales suelen presentar baja eficiencia, especialmente en suelos calcáreos y de pH alto, donde gran parte del P se inmoviliza o pierde disponibilidad, limitando su absorción y reduciendo la sostenibilidad productiva.La hidroxiapatita (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) surge como alternativa por ser un fosfato cálcico de liberación gradual capaz de aportar simultáneamente fósforo y calcio. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita de calcio (nHAp) aplicadas vía foliar en alfalfa sobre variables fisiológicas, nutricionales y bioactivas. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con seis concentraciones (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 y 500 mg L⁻¹) y cinco repeticiones. La dosis de 100 mg L⁻¹ incrementó la materia seca y la proteína cruda, redujo las fracciones fibrosas, lo que indica mejora en calidad nutricional. Por su parte, 300 mg L⁻¹ elevó el contenido de clorofilas, sugiriendo mayor eficiencia fotosintética. Las dosis altas (400–500 mg L⁻¹) aumentaron sólidos solubles, flavonoides y la capacidad antioxidante. En conjunto, los resultados indican que las nHAp son una herramienta prometedora para mejorar la calidad nutricional de la alfalfa y favorecer sistemas forrajeros sostenibles.
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