Calcium hydroxyapatite improves forage quality and bioactive compounds in alfalfa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a13n2.5073Keywords:
Medicago sativa L., nanofertilizer, dose-response, forage quality, antioxidants, detergent fiberAbstract
Sustainable forage production requires strategies that improve nutritional quality and resource use efficiency. In alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient involved in energy transfer, photosynthesis, root growth, and the synthesis of structural and nitrogenous compounds, processes that directly influence forage yield and nutritional value. However, conventional phosphate fertilizers tend to be inefficient, especially in calcareous soils with high pH, where much of the P is immobilized or loses availability, limiting its absorption and reducing production sustainability. Hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) emerges as an alternative because it is a slow-release calcium phosphate capable of simultaneously providing phosphorus and calcium. This study evaluated the effect of calcium hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp) applied via foliar application to alfalfa on physiological, nutritional, and bioactive variables. A completely randomized design with six concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg L⁻¹) and five replicates was used. The 100 mg L⁻¹ dose increased dry matter and crude protein and reduced fiber fractions, indicating improved nutritional quality. Meanwhile, 300 mg L⁻¹ increased chlorophyll content, suggesting greater photosynthetic efficiency. High doses (400–500 mg L⁻¹) increased soluble solids, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. Overall, the results indicate that nHAp is a promising tool for improving the nutritional quality of alfalfa and promoting sustainable forage systems.
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