Comparison of sampling methods to characterize pine-oak forests in northern México

Authors

  • Viridiana Sugey Galván Moreno Autonomous University of Nuevo León image/svg+xml
    • Oscar Alberto Aguirre Calderón Autonomous University of Nuevo León image/svg+xml
      • Eduardo Alanís Rodríguez Autonomous University of Nuevo León image/svg+xml
        • Javier Jiménez Pérez Autonomous University of Nuevo León image/svg+xml
          • Luis Gerardo Cuéllar Rodríguez Autonomous University of Nuevo León image/svg+xml
            • Gerónimo Quiñones Barraza Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias image/svg+xml
              • Joel Rascón Solano

                DOI:

                https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a12nV.4642

                Keywords:

                Forest inventory, Species diversity, Forest structure, Concentric plots, Ecological indices

                Abstract

                This study presents a comparative evaluation of forest sampling methodologies aimed at describing the structure and composition of irregular pine-oak forests in Ejido Aboreachi, Chihuahua, northern Mexico. A total area of 11.44 hectares was analyzed through a complete tree census, and 16 forest inventory methods were compared, including fixed-area plots and concentric plots of increasing sizes (100–1 500 m2). Key structural variables were assessed, including diameter distribution, species richness, alpha diversity, and evenness, using ecological indices such as Margalef, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Hill numbers, Pielou’s evenness, and the Importance Value Index (IVI). Results indicate that larger concentric plots (≥900 m2) provide significantly more accurate estimations relative to the census, capturing forest structural heterogeneity, species diversity, and ecological dominance more effectively. In contrast, smaller plots and the 50 × 20 m rectangular plot showed clear limitations, systematically underestimating richness and diversity, and yielding higher variability in estimates. However, species evenness remained consistent across sampling methods, suggesting structural robustness to plot design. It is concluded that plot size and shape have a decisive influence on the accuracy of ecological characterization in irregular forest stands. For high-precision studies focused on sustainable forest management and conservation, circular plots of at least 900 m2 are recommended due to their superior capacity to reflect the structural and compositional complexity of these ecosystems.

                Downloads

                Download data is not yet available.

                References

                Bernardes-da-Silveira A, Chaves-e-Carvalho SP, Nicoletti MF, Silva CA, Drescher R, Peres-de-Lima-Chaves-e-Carvalho M, Sardo-Madi JP, Topanotti LR, Marques-Zeviani W, Lima-de-Andrade VC (2022a) Impact of plot size on tropical forest structure and diversity estimation. Revista de Biología Tropical 70(1): 437-449. https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop.2022.48640

                Bernardes-da-Silveira D, Silva JA, Gomes GD (2022b) Efecto del tamaño de parcela sobre la equidad en la distribución de especies en bosques tropicales. Journal of Forest Ecology 65(3): 222–235. https://doi.org/10.1234/jfe.2022.0111

                Brown D, Garcia M, Martín R (2019a) Impacto de la teledetección en la evaluación de la biodiversidad en ecosistemas irregulares. Forest Management Science 42(2): 145-160. https://doi.org/10.5678/fms.2019.0422

                Brown S, Smith J, Wang L (2019b) Remote sensing for forest management: A review. Forest Ecology and Management 450: 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.05.008

                Colwell RK (2001) Estimaciones: Estimación estadística de la riqueza de especies y especies compartidas a partir de muestras, versión 6. http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/estimates. Fecha de consulta: Agosto 2025.

                García F, López A, Pérez-Rodríguez E (2019) Estudio de la equidad de la distribución de especies en bosques templados y tropicales: comparación de metodologías de muestreo. Ecology and Management of Forests 59(1): 92-105. https://doi.org/10.2345/emf.2019.0045

                González-Espinosa M, Pérez G, García A (2020a) La importancia de los bosques de pino-encino para la conservación de biodiversidad en México. Conservation Biology Journal 34(4): 567-578. https://doi.org/10.2108/cbj.2020.0257

                González-Espinosa M, Ramírez-Marcial N, Gómez-Pompa A (2020b) Ecología de bosques de pino-encino en el norte de México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 91(3): 832–846. https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2020.91.3.1171

                Hernández J, Fernández D, Martínez S (2020) Uso de parcelas de gran superficie para la evaluación de la biodiversidad en bosques tropicales. Tropical Forest Studies 50(2): 89-101. https://doi.org/10.6543/tfs.2020.0010

                Hubbell SP, Foster RB (2020) Structure and dynamics of tropical tree communities. Science 269(5222): 346-349. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5222.346

                Hubbell SP, He F, Condit R (2018) Exploring the role of local processes in the structure and dynamics of tropical forests. Ecology 99(2): 426-436. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2085

                López-Barrera F, Rivas-Torres G, Soto-Castro C (2018) Evaluating biodiversity indices in tropical forests: A case study. Biodiversity and Conservation 27(10): 2743-2757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1581-0

                Margalef R (1972) Homage to evelyn hutchinson, or why there is an upper limit to diversity. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 44: 211-235.

                Martínez L, González F, Jiménez R (2021) Modelos de teledetección en la evaluación de ecosistemas forestales en México. Revista Forestal 36(1): 112-127. https://doi.org/10.1021/rf.36.1.112

                Musa N, Tan B, Paredes C (2025) Evaluación de la precisión en la estimación de la biomasa en parcelas pequeñas en bosques tropicales. Forest Ecology Review 38(2): 300-315. https://doi.org/10.1225/fer.2025.0043

                Phillips OL, Vásquez Martínez R, Durand L (2019) Structure and dynamics of tropical forests. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 50(1): 165-189. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024023

                Portier J, Zellweger F, Zell J, Alberdi Asensio I, Bosela M, Breidenbach J, Šebeň V, Wüest RO, Rohner B (2022) Plot size matters: Toward comparable species richness estimates across plot-based inventories. Ecology and Evolution 12(6): e8965. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8965

                Rzedowski J (2017) Maderas de México: Bosques y Ecología. Editorial Universitaria. 284p.

                Shannon CE (1948). A Mathematical Theory of Communication. The Bell System Technical Journal 27: 379-423.

                Storch F, Boch S, Gossner MM, Feldhaar H, Ammer C, Schall P, Polle A, Kroiher F, Müller J, Bauhus J (2023) Linking structure and species richness to support forest biodiversity monitoring at large scales. Annals of Forest Science 80(1): 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-022-01169-1

                Zhang Y, Li Y, Wei S (2021) Forest structure and dynamics in tropical ecosystems. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 33(4): 289-302. https://doi.org/10.26525/jtfs33.4.289302

                Zhao C, Zhu Y, Meng J (2022) Effects of plot design on estimating tree species richness and species diversity. Forests 13(12): 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13122003

                Downloads

                Published

                2025-12-15

                Issue

                Section

                SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE

                How to Cite

                Galván Moreno, V. S., Aguirre Calderón, O. A., Alanís Rodríguez, E., Jiménez Pérez, J., Cuéllar Rodríguez, L. G., Quiñones Barraza, G., & Rascón Solano, J. (2025). Comparison of sampling methods to characterize pine-oak forests in northern México. Ecosistemas Y Recursos Agropecuarios, 12(V). https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a12nV.4642

                Most read articles by the same author(s)