Potencial bioherbicida pre-emergente de extractos de gobernadora y hojasén obtenidos por microondas/ultrasonidos sobre calabacita loca
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a13n1.4427Palabras clave:
compuestos alelopáticos, extractos naturales, mecanismos de acción, estrés oxidativo, control de malezasResumen
Los métodos de control de malezas seguros y efectivos son esenciales para una producción sostenible. Los bioherbicidas de extractos de plantas, como gobernadora (Larrea tridentata) y hojasén (Flourensia cernua), ofrecen una alternativa prometedora, ya que contienen compuestos alelopáticos que interrumpen la germinación y el crecimiento de malezas. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de los extractos de L. tridentata y F. cernua en el control pre-emergente de la calabaza loca (Cucurbita foetidissima). Se prepararon los extractos usando microondas y ultrasonido con solventes "verdes" en distintas dosis [3 (baja), 6 (media) y 12 (alta) L de extractos en 200 L por hectárea] sobre semillas de C. foetidissima. Se evaluaron sus efectos en germinación, crecimiento de plántulas, biomasa seca y mecanismos de acción [pigmentos fotosintéticos, proteínas, enzimas antioxidantes (catalasa y peroxidasa), compuestos fenólicos, capacidad antioxidante y estrés oxidativo]. Se identificaron fitoquímicos como quercetina y (+)-galocatequina en los extractos. La dosis alta redujo la germinación y el crecimiento de las plántulas de C. foetidissima en comparación con el control. Aunque la biomasa seca no mostró un cambio significativo, se observó una tendencia a la reducción en las plántulas tratadas. Los niveles de clorofila y carotenoides disminuyeron en todos los tratamientos, mientras que las proteínas no se vieron afectadas. La dosis baja redujo la actividad de la catalasa, y la dosis alta aumentó la peroxidación lipídica. El estudio demuestra que los extractos de plantas alelopáticas inhiben el crecimiento de C. foetidissima, siendo la concentración y el contenido de los compuestos esenciales para su eficacia.
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