Management practices and soil properties in agricultural and livestock systems in Xculoc, Campeche
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a13n3.4937Keywords:
Agriculture, agroecological practices, soil fertility, soil managementAbstract
The relationship between management practices and soil properties was evaluated in agricultural and livestock systems in Xculoc, Campeche, Mexico. Twenty-two producers from each system were surveyed, and soils were sampled to analyze pH, organic matter(OM), organic carbon(OC), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), potassium(K), electrical conductivity(EC), and texture. Student’s t-tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and point-biserial correlations were performed. Disk harrowing and chemical fertilization predominated in agricultural systems(AS), whereas chemical weed control and manual weeding were more common in livestock systems(LS). Fertilization was based on diammonium phosphate(DAP), urea, and Triple-16 fertilizer. The main agroecological practices included the use of crop residues, rotation of pasture, and the presence of tree stands. Clayey textures occurred of the soils (66%). P levels were low, although higher in AS (7.44 mg kg-1) than in LS (3.36 mg kg-1); soil pH was neutral in AS and moderately alkaline in LS. Both systems had high levels of N and K, moderate of OM and OC, and low levels of EC. In AS, disk harrowing and Triple-16 fertilizer positively associated with N, whereas DAP positively associated with sand, OC, and OM. In LS, chemical weed control was positively correlated with N and pH; tree stands were negatively correlated with silt, K, and EC; and urea was negatively correlated with clay but positively correlated with sand. Both systems were highly dependent on chemical inputs, although they also included agroecological practices. Disk harrowing, chemical fertilization, weed control, and tree stands had significant associations, while P was identified as a limiting factor for soil fertility.
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